GENERSTION OF COMPUTER AND IT'S ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAAGE :
There are mainly five generation of computer.
- Frist generation
- Second generation
- Third generation
- Fourth generation
- Fifth generation
First Generation OF Computer:
- The period of first generation 1940 to 1956. Roughly considered as the first generation of computer.
- The first generation of computer were developed by using Vacuum Tube or Thermionic Valve machine.
- The input of this system was based on pinch card and paper tape, How ever the output was display on printouts.
- The first generation computer works on binary coded concept . i.e language of (0 1).
Example:
ENIAC =(Electronic numerical integrator and calculation)
EDVAC = (Electric discrete variable automatic computer)
UNIVAC = (Universal automatic computer)
IBM-701 = (International business machine)
IBM-650= (International business machine)
Advantages of First Generation Computer
- Made use of vacuum tubes which are the only electronic component available during those days.
- The use of vacuum tube technology made it possible to make an electronic digital computer.
- These computers could calculate in milliseconds.
Disadvantages of First Generation Compute
- The computers were very larger in size
- They consumed a large amount of energy.
- They heated very soon due to thousands of vacuum tubes.
- They were not very reliable.
- Air conditioning is required.
- Constant maintenance was required.
- Not-portable.
- Costly commercial production.
- Very slow speed.
- Limited programming capabilities.
- Used machine language only.
- Used punch card for input.
- Not versatile and less accurate.
SECOND GENERATION OF COMPUTER:
- The period of second generation 1956 to 1963 is Roughly considered as the second generation of computer.
- The second generation computer were developed by using Transistor technology.
- In comparison to the 1st gen. the size of 2nd gen. was small.
- In comparison to the 1st gen. computer is the time taken by the 2nd gen. of computer.
Example: Honeywell-400, IBM-7094, CDC-1604,CDC-3600, UNIVAC110
Advantages of Second Generation Computer
- Smaller in size as compared to the first generation computer.
- Second-generation computers were more reliable.
- Used less energy and were not heated as much as a first-generation computer.
- Wider commercial use.
- Better portability as compared to the first-generation computers.
- Better speed and could calculate data in microseconds.
- Used faster peripherals like tape drives, magnetic disks, etc…
- Used assembly language as well as machine language.
- Accuracy improved.
- A cooling system was required.
- Constant maintenance is required.
- Commercial production was difficult.
- Only used for specific purposes.
- Costly and not versatile.
- Punch cards were used for input.
Disadvantages of Second Generation Computer
THIRD GENERATION OF COMPUTER:
- The period 1963 to 1971 is roughly considered as the period of third generation of computer.
- The third generation computer were developed by wing the integrated circuit(IC) technology.
- In comparison to the computer to the second generation computer the size of third generation of computer was small.
- The gen. computer consumed less power and also generation less heat.
- Example: PDP-8,PDP-11,ICL2900,IBM-3600,IBm-370...etc
- These computer were cheaper as compared to second gen. computer.
- They were very fast and reliable .
- This generation of computer has big storage capacity compare to previous generation of computer.
- Instead of punch-card, mouse and keyboard are used for input.
- Versatile to an extent.
- Less expensive.
- More accurate than previous.
- Used mouse and keyboard for input.
- Air conditioning was required.
- The highly sophisticated technology required for the manufacturing of IC chips.
- IC chips are difficult to maintain.
Fourth Generation of Computer:
- The period 1972 to 2010 is roughly considered as the Fourth generation of computer.
- The Fourth gen. of computers were developed by using Microprocessor technology.
- The machine of Fourth gen. of computer started generating very low amount of heat.
- It is much faster and accuracy become more reliable.
- It become available for the common people as well.
Example: IBM-4341, DEC-10, STAR-1000, PUP-11 ....etc.
Advantages of Fourth Generation of Computer
- They were developed for totally general purpose use (general-purpose computers).
- Smaller in size and much more reliable than other generations of computers.
- The heat generation was negligible.
- No cooling system is required in many cases of the fourth-generation computer.
- Portable and cheaper than the older versions.
- Fourth-generation computers were much faster than the older generations.
- Graphics User Interface (GUI) technology was exploited to offer more comfort to users. PCs became more affordable and widespread during this period.
- Less repair time and maintenance cost.
- They were developed for commercial production as well.
- All types of High-level languages can be used in this type of computers
Disadvantages of the Fourth Generation of Computer
- Very advanced technology was required to fabricate the ICs (Integrated Circuits).
- A high-quality and reliable system or technology can only make the ICs.
- Cooler is required (Fan)
- The latest technology is required for the manufacturing of Microprocessors.
FIFTH GENERATION OF COMPUTER:
- The period 2010 to till date and beyond roughly considered as the period of fifth generation of computers.
- By the time, time computer generation was begin categorized on the basis of only hardware but the fifth gen. technology also included software
- The computer of the fifth generation had high capability and large memory capacity.
- Example: Desktop, Laptop, Notebook, Ultrabook, Chromebook .....etc.
Advantages of Fifth Generation of Computer
- Development of true artificial intelligence
- Development of Natural language processing
- Advancement in Parallel Processing
- Advancement in Superconductor technology
- More user-friendly interfaces with multimedia features
- Availability of very powerful and compact computers at cheaper rates.
- The fifth-generation computers will use super large-scale integrated chips.
- They will have artificial intelligence.
- They will be able to recognize images and graphs.
- Fifth-generation computer aims to be able to solve highly complex problem including decision making, logical reasoning.
- They will be able to use more than one CPU for faster processing speed.
- Fifth-generation computers are intended to work with natural language.
- These computers are much faster than other generation computers.
- It is easier to repair these computers.
- These computers are much smaller in size than other generation computers
- They are portable and easy to handle.
- Development of true artificial intelligence.
- Advancement in Parallel Processing.
- Advancement in Superconductor technology
- They tend to be sophisticated and complex tools.
- They can give more power to companies to watch what you are doing and even allow them to infect your computer.
- go to link and read bout computer
- characteristics of computer